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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Enhancing peat metal sorption and settling characteristics.

Tiina Leiviskä1, Muhammad Kamran Khalid1, Harshita Gogoi1

  • 1University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
|November 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Low-cost acid and alkali treatments improve peat

Keywords:
CharacterizationFlocculationMorphologyNickel removalPeat pre-treatmentX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Water Treatment

Background:

  • Peat's natural functional groups enable effective metal sorption from water.
  • Poor settling properties of peat limit its practical application in wastewater treatment.
  • Developing cost-effective peat treatments is crucial for wider adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate low-cost acid and alkali treatments for natural peat.
  • To enhance peat's settling properties while preserving metal removal efficiency.
  • To optimize peat for practical wastewater treatment applications.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of natural peat with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and citric acid at various concentrations.
  • Assessment of settling properties of treated peat in aqueous solutions.
  • Evaluation of metal (nickel) removal efficiency of treated peat.
  • Investigation of flocculation performance using polyacrylamide flocculants for HCl-treated peat.

Main Results:

  • NaOH-treated peat (0.1M) exhibited excellent settling properties, suitable for wastewater systems without settling aids.
  • Alkaline treatment led to superior leaching of humic and fulvic acids, altering peat morphology.
  • NaOH-treated peat demonstrated the highest nickel removal efficiency, followed by HCl-treated and citric acid-treated peat.
  • Cationic flocculants significantly improved the settling of HCl-treated peat, with charge density being a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Low-cost NaOH treatment effectively improves peat's settling properties and metal sorption capacity.
  • Treated peat, particularly NaOH-modified, shows significant potential for removing metals like nickel from wastewater.
  • Peat-based materials offer a viable and cost-effective solution for treating metal-contaminated industrial effluents.