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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Circuits

    Background:

    • Optical vortex modes are crucial for advanced optical communication and sensing.
    • Silicon photonics offers a scalable platform for integrated optical devices.
    • Efficient coupling of optical vortex modes into waveguides is a key challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and characterize the forked grating coupler (FGC) for silicon photonics.
    • To demonstrate design methodologies and performance of FGCs.
    • To evaluate advanced FGC designs for improved performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing FGCs using Bragg grating coupler structure with a calculated forked hologram.
    • Fabricating devices and measuring their performance.
    • Analyzing data using various metrics and evaluating design features.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated FGCs effectively couple optical vortex modes into confined waveguide modes.
    • Advanced designs with focused forked gratings reduced feed length.
    • Apodization improved vortex mode fidelity.
    • Some configurations achieved over 25 dB multiplexing crosstalk isolation.

    Conclusions:

    • FGCs are effective optical vortex interfaces for silicon photonics.
    • Design advancements enable reduced device footprint and improved mode fidelity.
    • FGCs show significant potential for integrated photonic applications requiring optical vortex manipulation.