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    An online refocusing algorithm corrects satellite camera misalignment in real time, ensuring high-quality Earth observation images. This method precisely adjusts the secondary mirror (M2) and focal plane to maintain optical performance in orbit.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spacecraft optical systems engineering
    • Satellite imaging technology
    • Real-time image processing

    Background:

    • Satellite cameras face orbital misalignment due to launch stress and space environments.
    • Maintaining image quality is critical for Earth observation missions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an online refocusing algorithm for satellite cameras.
    • To ensure real-time alignment and high-quality image acquisition.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a fourth-order equation model for modulation transfer function (MTF) variation with secondary mirror (M2) de-spacing.
    • Created an algorithm to assess M2 de-space position using MTF measurements from stellar sources.
    • Implemented real-time adjustment of the M2 movement mechanism and focal plane.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed algorithm can refocus misaligned satellite cameras.
    • Refocusing is achieved within a ± 0.5μm M2 de-space error.
    • Real-time performance ensures continuous image quality maintenance.

    Conclusions:

    • The online refocusing algorithm effectively compensates for satellite camera misalignment.
    • This technology enhances the reliability and performance of Earth observation missions.
    • Precise optical adjustments in real time are crucial for maintaining image fidelity in space.