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Small-aperture array processing for passive multi-target angle of arrival estimation.

D C Swanson¹, R L Culver¹

¹The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, Pennsylvania 16804, USA.

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|November 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Small aperture arrays enable passive angle of arrival (AOA) estimation for multiple signals using frequency domain phase differences. This method provides an intuitive bearing histogram display for signal analysis.

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Area of Science:

Signal Processing
Electromagnetics
Array Signal Processing

Background:

Passive Angle of Arrival (AOA) estimation is crucial for source localization.
Small aperture arrays offer a compact solution for signal analysis.
Frequency domain processing allows for detailed signal characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use of small aperture arrays for passive AOA estimation.
To analyze the performance of frequency domain processing for AOA determination.
To present methods for handling multiple targets and broadband/narrowband signals.

Main Methods:

Utilizing frequency domain phase differences across a small aperture array.
Applying spectral averaging for stationary sources.
Employing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) bins and bearing histograms for AOA visualization.
Analyzing Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for bearing accuracy.

Main Results:

Demonstrated capability for estimating multiple target AOAs based on unique signal frequencies.
Developed an intuitive bearing histogram display for received signal levels in dB.
Presented analysis of CRLB concerning frequency, aperture, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Investigated phase calibration, nonstationary frequencies, and channel cross-talk effects.

Conclusions:

Small aperture arrays are effective for passive AOA estimation of broadband and narrowband signals.
Frequency domain analysis provides a robust method for AOA determination and signal visualization.
The study addresses practical considerations for real-world AOA estimation systems.