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Invited commentary on … Confusing procedures with process in cognitive bias modification research†.

Ioana A Cristea1, Robin N Kok2, Pim Cuijpers2

  • 1Ioana A. Cristea, PhD, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Robin N. Kok, MSc, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, and Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, and Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Pim Cuijpers, PhD, Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands ioana.cristea@ubbcluj.ro.

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Summary

Cognitive bias modification (CBM) requires rigorous evaluation, like other psychotherapies. Appraising CBM solely on successful mechanism change is not scientifically sound.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychotherapy Research

Background:

  • Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is an intervention aiming to alter maladaptive cognitive biases.
  • The evaluation standards for CBM are debated, particularly regarding the necessity of demonstrating mechanistic change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To argue that CBM should be evaluated using the same rigorous standards as other evidence-based psychotherapies.
  • To assert that appraisal should not be limited to trials demonstrating successful modification of postulated mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • This study presents a conceptual argument based on established principles of psychotherapy research and evaluation.
  • It critiques the current approach to appraising CBM interventions.

Main Results:

  • The exclusive appraisal of CBM based on successful mechanism change contradicts evidence-based psychotherapy standards.
  • CBM interventions, whether in laboratory settings or clinical practice, must undergo rigorous scrutiny.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive bias modification must adhere to the rigorous evaluation standards applied to all psychotherapeutic interventions.
  • Future research and clinical application of CBM should embrace comprehensive and objective appraisal methods.