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Life history traits and functional processes generate multiple pathways to ecological stability.

John P DeLong1, Torrance C Hanley2, Jean P Gibert1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.

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|November 3, 2017
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Summary

Ecological stability depends on multiple factors. This study shows that different forces can independently influence community stability, with some aspects responding oppositely to the same ecological drivers.

Keywords:
Daphniaconsumer-resource dynamicsdifferential equation fittingdiversityfunctional traitslife historyparadox of enrichmentphenotypic dissimilaritystability

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Ecological community stability is crucial for persistence.
  • Interactions among stabilizing forces are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different stabilizing forces interact in a consumer-resource system.
  • To understand how life history traits and functional processes influence stability components.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled mesocosms with algal resource and varying clones of Daphnia ambigua.
  • Tracked algal and Daphnia abundances over time.
  • Fitted coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to time-series data.

Main Results:

  • Local stability increased with higher algal growth rate, Daphnia mortality, and foraging rate.
  • Population fluctuations were reduced by high Daphnia conversion efficiency, lower interaction strengths, low algal growth rate, high Daphnia death rate, and low Daphnia foraging.
  • Variation in stability components stemmed from life history traits and ODE model parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Consumer-resource system stability arises from the net effect of multiple stabilizing pathways.
  • Different stability aspects can vary independently and respond inversely to the same ecological forces.