NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides: Past, present, and future

Area of Science:

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Pharmacology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Nitric oxide (NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) exhibit diverse biological effects, leading to investigations into their clinical applications.
• The N-O bond's unique reactivity facilitates the development of NO/HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides.
• These compounds, initially studied for cardioprotection and radical detection, possess broad pharmacological activities.

Observation:

• Extensive research highlights the therapeutic potential of NO and HNO in age-related diseases.
• Oxidative stress is a key factor in many age-related diseases, making N-O compounds promising therapeutic agents.
• Preclinical data support the efficacy of N-O-based compounds in managing conditions involving oxidative stress.

Findings:

• N-O-based compounds, including donors, nitrones, and nitroxides, demonstrate significant pharmacological activities.
• These compounds are being explored for applications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Recent advances focus on the chemistry and therapeutic potential of these molecules.

Implications:

• N-O-based compounds offer a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutics for age-related disorders.
• Further research into their chemistry and pharmacology could lead to effective treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
• These findings may guide the development of new N-O-based drugs targeting diseases associated with oxidative stress.