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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
Published on: June 28, 2018
Novel simulation method of space charge effects in electron optical systems including emission of electrons
Jiří Zelinka1, Martin Oral1, Tomáš Radlička1
1Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic.
Abstract:
We present a comprehensive numerical method for iterative computation of electron optical systems influenced by space charge which can accurately describe all effects in an optical system, including areas near a cathode tip and all crossovers. We use two different algorithms of evaluating the space charge distribution in different parts of the system. The Monte-Carlo based particle-in-cell method is used in the vicinity of the cathode. The algorithm based on the calculation of the current density distribution from an aberration polynomial is used for the rest of the system. We introduce a re-meshing algorithm which adapts the finite element mesh used for the field calculation in each iteration to the actual space charge distribution to keep it sufficiently fine in all areas with non-zero space charge. The algorithm is finally tested on a design of an experimental electron-welding machine developed at the ISI of the CAS.
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