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Published on: December 5, 2025
Three-stage folded forehead flap for nasal reconstruction: Objective and subjective measurements of aesthetic and
Warren Noel1, Jean-Brice Duron1, Samer Jabbour2
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France.
Background:
The three-stage folded forehead flap (FFF) proved to be a simple and readily available method of lining replacement. To date, no clinical trial has evaluated the outcomes of the FFF on the nose shape and function.
Methods:
Patients undergoing a full-thickness unilateral alar reconstruction with a forehead flap between January of 2010 and December of 2015 were included for analysis. Patients were divided into two groups: The FFF group included patients that had a unilateral alar reconstruction using a three-stage FFF; the standard forehead flap (SFF) group included patients that had a reconstruction using a two-stage forehead flap in combination with another method for lining reconstruction. The following objective measurements were performed: the alar thickness, nostril and hemi-nose areas, and nostril height. Subjective evaluation of the results was performed using the NAFEQ score. Independent raters also evaluated the appearance of the nose.
Results:
Thirty-one patients were included: 15 in the FFF group and 16 in the SFF group. In both groups, the reconstructed ala was thicker than that on the normal side, the reconstructed nostril was smaller than the normal nostril, and the reconstructed hemi-nose was bigger than the normal side. Moreover, 84% of the patients were satisfied with their total nasal functioning. All the patients were satisfied with their total nasal appearance.
Conclusion:
The FFF showed objective, subjective, aesthetic, and functional results comparable to other lining reconstruction techniques.
