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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

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The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
629
Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit01:24

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

705
Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
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Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

27.6K
According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

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On-Chip Glass Microspherical Shell Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators.

Chenchen Zhang1, Alexander Cocking1, Eugene Freeman1

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.

Scientific Reports
|November 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Ultra-smooth, chip-scale glass microspheres act as high-Q optical resonators. These micro-resonators demonstrate high sensitivity for thermal sensing and microfluidic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Optical micro-resonators are crucial for sensing applications.
  • Fabricating high-quality micro-resonators with controlled properties remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize on-chip spherical glass shells for optical resonance.
  • To explore their potential as ultra-high sensitivity thermal and microfluidic sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of on-chip spherical glass shells with diameters in hundreds of micrometers and sub-micrometer wall thicknesses.
  • Measurement of optical resonance modes and Q-factors.
  • Characterization of temperature sensitivity.
  • COMSOL modeling to understand shell thickness dependence.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated resonators sustained optical resonance modes with Q-factors exceeding 50 million.
  • Demonstrated temperature sensitivity of -1.8 GHz K-1.
  • Showcased sensitivity to water filling and evaporation within the microspheres.

Conclusions:

  • On-chip spherical glass shells are promising for high-Q optical resonance.
  • These resonators can be configured as ultra-high sensitivity thermal sensors.
  • The inner surface offers a platform for reproducible, chip-scale microfluidic sensor arrays.