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The pharmacological treatment of acute HIV infections in neonates

Louise Kuhn1, Stephanie Shiau1

  • 1a Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology
|November 4, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Antiretroviral treatment for neonates aims to reduce illness and death, and now also seeks HIV remission. Research in this area offers unique biological insights that may lead to breakthroughs in achieving remission within five years.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) for neonates focuses on reducing morbidity and mortality.
  • Emerging goals include achieving remission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • Neonatal HIV treatment presents unique biological and clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rationale and evidence for neonatal HIV treatment goals.
  • To discuss challenges in identifying HIV-infected neonates.
  • To outline preferred antiretroviral drugs for neonatal HIV prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on neonatal antiretroviral treatment.
  • Discussion of pharmacological interventions for acute HIV infection in neonates.
  • Analysis of biological opportunities in studying neonatal HIV infection.

Main Results:

  • ART goals for neonates have evolved beyond reducing mortality to include HIV remission.
  • Identifying HIV-infected neonates remains a challenge.
  • Specific antiretroviral agents are preferred for neonatal use in prevention and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal HIV treatment research is energized by unique biological opportunities.
  • Further investigation may lead to breakthroughs in achieving HIV remission in neonates.
  • Advances in pharmacologic treatment could yield new interventions for remission within five years.
Abstract

Keywords:
Antiretroviral therapyHIVimmunityneonatesremission

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