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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
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[Nephritis in a Staffordshire Terrier puppy caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I]

Stephan Engelhardt1, Astrid Buder, Katja Pfeil

  • 1Stephan Engelhardt, Tierklinik Dresdner Heide, Fischhausstraße 5, 01099 Dresden,

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere
|November 4, 2017
PubMed

Keywords:
Zoonosisdogmicrosporidianephritisprotozoacanine infectious diseaseprotozoan parasiteveterinary diagnosticsfenbendazole treatment

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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