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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
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Cancer Evolution during Immunotherapy.

M C Andrews1, J A Wargo2

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.

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|November 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anti-PD-1 therapy, a revolutionary cancer treatment, was studied in melanoma patients. Tumor and immunity were found to co-evolve during this immunotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint blockade has transformed cancer therapy.
  • Anti-PD-1 therapy is a key immunotherapy strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the co-evolution of tumor and immunity during anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • To analyze longitudinal multi-omics data from melanoma patients undergoing anti-PD-1 treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal multi-omics analysis.
  • Study of the largest reported cohort of melanoma patients.

Main Results:

  • Revealed insights into the dynamic interplay between tumor and immune system.
  • Detailed the co-evolutionary processes during anti-PD-1 therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tumor-immunity co-evolution is crucial for optimizing anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • This study provides a comprehensive view of treatment response in melanoma.