Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 12, 2026

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
Published on: February 10, 2014
A comparison of the Ricketts and Tweed-type arch leveling techniques
1Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and long-term stability of arch leveling and overbite correction carried out by the Ricketts and modified Tweed techniques. The sample comprised 60 Class II, deep bite, low-angle adolescent nonextraction cases, 30 each from the offices of Robert Ricketts and Fred Schudy, with cephalograms taken before and immediately after treatment and an average of more than 4 years after treatment. Both techniques were successful in overbite correction, producing only minimal increases in mandibular plane angle and anterior facial height. Mandibular incisors in the Ricketts group demonstrated more flaring and anterior bodily movement during treatment, with a greater amount of posttreatment uprighting and overbite relapse than the Schudy group. The Ricketts group demonstrated slightly more than 1 mm of true lower incisor intrusion; this change was relatively stable after treatment. Both techniques produced similar amounts of mandibular molar extrusion during treatment; these changes remained stable after treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Taping Over Different Ground Profiles
Introduction and Methods of Leveling
Leveling Equipment
Differential Leveling
Common Leveling Mistakes and Errors
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

