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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.4K
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

7.2K
Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
7.2K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

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DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation in melanoma.

Siqi Fu1, Haijing Wu1, Huiming Zhang1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Oncotarget
|November 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic changes, including DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) loss, are key in melanoma development. Targeting these epigenetic alterations shows promise for novel melanoma biomarkers and therapies.

Keywords:
5-hmC5-mCTETepigenetic therapymelanoma

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, has poorly understood pathogenesis, hindering biomarker and therapy development.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to melanoma's development and progression.
  • DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are critical epigenetic modifications implicated in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in melanoma.
  • To discuss the potential of epigenetic modifications as biomarkers for melanoma.
  • To explore epigenetic therapies and targets for melanoma treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on melanoma epigenetics.
  • Analysis of findings related to DNA methylation and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in melanoma.
  • Discussion of therapeutic agents and targets modulating epigenetic marks.

Main Results:

  • Loss of 5-hmC and increased DNA methylation at tumor suppressor gene promoters are potential melanoma biomarkers.
  • Epigenetic modifiers like 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and TET enzymes show therapeutic potential.
  • DNA hydroxymethylation in melanoma-infiltrating immune cells presents a novel therapeutic target.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA hydroxymethylation, are crucial in melanoma pathogenesis and progression.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers and therapies offer promising avenues for melanoma management.
  • Targeting DNA hydroxymethylation in the tumor microenvironment may enhance melanoma treatment efficacy.