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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation

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Changes in cervical motion after cervical spinal motion preservation surgery.

Chi Heon Kim1,2,3, Tae Hyun Park4, Chun Kee Chung5,6,7,8

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|November 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Medicine·2026

Posterior percutaneous endoscopic foraminotomy and discectomy (PECF) and total disc replacement (TDR) preserve cervical motion quality, unlike posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF). PECF shows promise as a motion preservation surgery alternative for radiculopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Cervical radiculopathy treatment
  • Motion preservation techniques

Background:

  • Single-level cervical radiculopathy can be treated with motion preservation surgeries like total disc replacement (TDR), posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF), and posterior percutaneous endoscopic foraminotomy and discectomy (PECF).
  • Evaluating the quality of motion, specifically the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR), is crucial in addition to motion preservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the influence of PECF, TDR, and PCF on cervical spine motion.
  • To assess changes in the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR) at the index and adjacent cervical segments following these surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 34 patients who underwent C5-6 surgery for cervical radiculopathy.
  • Calculation of IAR from pre- and post-operative cervical lateral radiographs at the index and adjacent segments.
Keywords:
Cervical vertebraeEndoscopesRange of motionRotationSurgery

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  • Comparison of IAR shifts against a standardized cervical normogram.

    • Main Results:

    • All surgical methods significantly decreased neck pain postoperatively.
    • PECF and TDR showed no significant changes in IAR.
    • PCF resulted in significant inferior shifts in IAR at the index and adjacent segments, moving outside the normal range.

    Conclusions:

    • PCF significantly alters cervical spine motion at the index and adjacent segments.
    • PECF and TDR do not significantly affect cervical spine motion quality.
    • PECF emerges as a potential motion preservation surgical alternative for cervical radiculopathy.