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Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
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Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles01:29

Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles

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The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open....
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Naming Skeletal Muscles01:19

Naming Skeletal Muscles

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The naming of the approximately 700 muscles in the human body is based on a set of criteria designed to provide descriptive information about each muscle, making it easier to identify and remember them.
The key factors used in naming muscles include:
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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement of Protein Import Capacity of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria
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microRNAs in skeletal muscle development.

Gi Fay Mok1, Estefania Lozano-Velasco1, Andrea Münsterberg1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|November 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial regulators of cell lineage determination in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. This review explores their roles in embryonic and adult muscle stem cells.

Keywords:
MyogenesisNon-coding RNASatellite cellSkeletal musclelncRNAmicroRNA

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Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell lineage determination is fundamental to embryonic development and stem cell differentiation.
  • Skeletal muscle development involves various signaling molecules, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Understanding these regulators advances knowledge of cell fate control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), in skeletal muscle development and differentiation.
  • To discuss the function of miRNAs in embryonic muscle and adult satellite cells crucial for regeneration.
  • To explore the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in muscle biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on non-coding RNAs in skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of studies identifying specific miRNAs and lncRNAs involved in muscle development and regeneration.
  • Synthesis of information on the expression patterns and regulatory functions of these RNAs.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cell fate in developing skeletal muscle and adult satellite cells.
  • Some miRNAs are specific to skeletal muscle, while others have broader expression.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also implicated, though less understood.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs, play significant roles in skeletal muscle development, differentiation, and regeneration.
  • Further research into lncRNAs is needed to fully elucidate their functions in muscle biology.