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Updated: Feb 19, 2026
Meal Duration as a Measure of Orofacial Nociceptive Responses in Rodents
Published on: January 10, 2014
Distance-based permutation of inter-meal differences as a sensitive test of temporomandibular joint nociception in
Mikhail Umorin1, Phillip R Kramer1, Larry L Bellinger1
1Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas.
Purpose:
Compare non-parametric permutation method using intr-meal rate as endpoint to existing ANOVA method that uses average daily meal duration as an endpoint for detection of chronic pain in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Methods:
Nociception following bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injection of high-dose of Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA, 250 μg/50 μL per side) could be detected in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using average daily meal durations as a measure of nociception for up to 19 days (Kramer, Kerins, Schneiderman, & Bellinger, 2010) using ANOVA and multiple comparisons range tests. In this study, we reanalyzed the data using a non-parametric permutation procedure based on absolute differences between intra-meal feeding rate curves. In addition, to that experiment, we injected bilaterally the TMJ of naive rats with either a low-dose CFA (15 μg/50 μL per side, n=6) or saline (50 μL of 0.9%, n=4) and monitored the animals for 7 days.
Results:
The permutation test of the intra-meal feeding rate detected the presence of nociception in the high-dose CFA treatment group for up to 40 days or twice as long as when using ANOVA on average daily meal durations. The permutation method also detected the low-dose CFA induced nociception with ten-times lower p-values and for several days longer than ANOVA of changes in meal durations. CFA-induced injury resulted in even reduction of intra-meal feeding rate and lengthening of the meals in both high- and low-dose CFA-injected animals. The rate analysis also showed when the rats first started a meal they were experiencing the same level of nociception as at the end of the meal. This demonstrated that intra-meal chewing itself did not alter the level of nociception.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that permutation tests based on differences in intra-meal feeding rates can be used as a sensitive test to determine and study the temporal patterns of TMJ nociception.
