Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.1K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.1K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

14.5K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.5K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

5.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.6K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.8K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.4K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.4K
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

523
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
523

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic and sociodemographic factors associated with trajectories of physical and mental health multimorbidity in a South Asian cohort in the UK: A multistate modelling analysis.

PLoS medicine·2026
Same author

Selection-guided discovery in South Asians implicates the MAPT locus in insulin resistance.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

An ancestry-enriched HNF4A variant and GP2 reveal distinct mechanisms of type 2 diabetes in exome-wide study of 13,674 cases and 41,024 controls.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

The Biobank Rare Variant consortium powers the discovery of rare genetic associations through global collaboration.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Equity and impact of social prescribing in type 2 diabetes prevention: cross-sectional and cohort study using national primary care data.

The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners·2026
Same author

Multi-ancestry, trans-generational GWAS meta-analysis of gestational diabetes and glycaemic traits during pregnancy reveals limited evidence of pregnancy-specific genetic effects.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.5K

Association between urbanisation and type 2 diabetes: an ecological study.

Zakariah Gassasse1, Dianna Smith2, Sarah Finer1

  • 1Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

BMJ Global Health
|November 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Urbanization

Keywords:
descriptive studyenvironmental healthepidemiologynutritionpublic health

More Related Videos

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

71.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
06:22

Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.5K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
06:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K
Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT

Published on: January 7, 2018

71.9K

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • Previous research examined urbanization's impact on type 2 diabetes (T2D) regionally.
  • This study globally assesses urbanization and T2D, including physical inactivity, sugar intake, and obesity as mediators.
  • Gross domestic product (GDP) was analyzed for potential effect modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the worldwide association between urbanization and T2D prevalence.
  • To explore the mediating roles of physical inactivity, sugar consumption, and obesity.
  • To assess the moderating effect of GDP on the urbanization-T2D relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Data from 207 countries were analyzed.
  • Direct acyclic graphs visualized relationships between urbanization, T2D, and mediators.
  • Urbanization was measured by urban percentage (UP) and agglomeration index (AI); regression analyses and interaction analyses with GDP were performed.

Main Results:

  • The association between urbanization and T2D varied: AI showed a positive link, while UP had a negative association.
  • Physical inactivity and obesity were significantly linked to higher T2D prevalence.
  • In middle-income countries (MIC), UP, AI, and GDP correlated with T2D; in high-income countries (HIC), physical inactivity and obesity were key drivers.

Conclusions:

  • The specific type of urban growth, not urbanization itself, predicted T2D prevalence globally.
  • In MIC, population density and GDP were primary T2D determinants; in HIC, physical inactivity and obesity were dominant.
  • Globalisation significantly contributes to the worldwide increase in T2D.