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Resurgence of time allocation.

Carlos R X Cançado1,2, Kennon A Lattal2, H K Carpenter2

  • 1Universidade de Brasília.

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Summary

Pigeon time allocation studies show that when food availability changes, pigeons adjust their behavior. Time allocation patterns resurged even when food was removed, similar to other response patterns.

Keywords:
concurrent scheduleskey peckpigeonsresponse-independent foodresurgencetime allocation

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral neuroscience
  • Animal behavior and cognition

Background:

  • Time allocation is a fundamental aspect of behavior, influenced by reinforcement schedules.
  • Understanding how animals allocate time is crucial for behavioral analysis and comparative psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the resurgence of time allocation in pigeons under varying food reinforcement conditions.
  • To determine if time allocation patterns mirror the resurgence observed in discrete response, spatial, and temporal responding.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted with pigeons, involving response-independent food delivery.
  • Keylights signaled different food probabilities, which were manipulated across phases (acquisition, reversal, extinction).
  • Experiment 3 introduced a third alternative to better assess time allocation resurgence without confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Pigeons consistently allocated more time to keylights associated with higher food probabilities in initial phases.
  • Time allocation resurgence was observed in extinction phases across experiments, particularly in Experiment 3.
  • The introduction of a third alternative in Experiment 3 facilitated clearer observation of resurgence.

Conclusions:

  • Time allocation in pigeons demonstrates resurgence, similar to discrete responses, spatial, and temporal patterns.
  • These findings support the generality of resurgence as a behavioral phenomenon across different response modalities.
  • The study highlights the adaptability of pigeon behavior to changes in reinforcement contingencies.