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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
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Risk factors for asthma after infant bronchiolitis.

S Törmänen1, E Lauhkonen1, R Riikonen1

  • 1Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

Allergy
|November 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis have double the risk of developing asthma later in childhood. Maternal asthma is the primary early-life risk factor identified for childhood asthma development.

Keywords:
allergic rhinitisbronchiolitischildhood asthmamaternal asthmaparental smoking

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology
  • Allergy & Immunology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis in infancy is a significant risk factor for later respiratory issues.
  • Previous studies identified several early-life risk factors for asthma post-bronchiolitis.
  • This study focuses on the long-term asthma outcomes in children previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term respiratory health outcomes, specifically doctor-diagnosed asthma, in children up to 11-13 years of age.
  • To identify significant early-life risk factors for the development of asthma after infant bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective follow-up of 138 children previously hospitalized for bronchiolitis before 6 months of age.
  • Data collection included questionnaires, parental interviews, clinical examinations, and bronchodilation testing at 11-13 years of age.

Main Results:

  • Doctor-diagnosed asthma was present in 13% of former bronchiolitis patients at 11-13 years.
  • Maternal asthma was the sole significant independent early-life risk factor (aOR 3.45).
  • Allergic rhinitis at 5-7 years was also a significant risk factor (aOR 4.06).

Conclusions:

  • Children hospitalized for bronchiolitis before 6 months of age have approximately double the risk of developing asthma compared to the general population.
  • Maternal asthma is the most critical independently significant early-life predictor of developing asthma by adolescence.