[Diabetes Mellitus, a prothrombotic disease]

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Endocrinology
• Hematology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health concern, affecting over 500 million people.
• Diabetic patients frequently experience atherothrombotic disease, with cardiovascular events remaining a leading cause of mortality.
• Despite advances, the molecular links between diabetes and increased thrombogenicity are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prothrombotic nature of diabetes.
• To update knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving thrombogenicity in diabetes.
• To discuss the therapeutic implications of the prothrombotic state in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on cellular and molecular mechanisms.
• Analysis of factors contributing to hypercoagulability in diabetes.
• Examination of impaired fibrinolysis and platelet function in diabetic conditions.

Main Results:

• Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by a prothrombotic state driven by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism.
• Increased procoagulant factors, tissue factor, and microparticle involvement contribute to thrombogenicity.
• Impaired fibrinolysis, platelet hyperreactivity, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation exacerbate the prothrombotic condition.

Conclusions:

• Diabetes significantly elevates thrombotic risk through multiple interconnected pathways.
• Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies for diabetic cardiovascular complications.
• Further research into the cellular and molecular basis of diabetes-associated thrombogenicity is warranted.