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Adjustment disorder: A diagnosis whose time has come.

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Adjustment disorder, a common diagnosis, is gaining research attention. Future studies will explore ICD-11 and DSM-5 differences, risk factors, and effective treatments for this prevalent condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Adjustment disorder is frequently diagnosed but has historically received limited academic scrutiny.
  • Despite common clinical treatment, research into its origins and intervention effectiveness is a recent development.
  • This review addresses the evolution of adjustment disorder and its diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize empirical literature on adjustment disorder.
  • To highlight current diagnostic developments in DSM-5 and ICD-11.
  • To outline future research directions for adjustment disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using established online search tools.
  • Publications were included if they were in English, German, or Spanish.
  • Studies without an English abstract were excluded.

Main Results:

  • The review examines the historical evolution of adjustment disorder.
  • Current research on the genesis and treatment of adjustment disorder is highlighted.
  • ICD-11 uniquely defines adjustment disorder by explicit symptom groups, differing from DSM-5.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should investigate the concordance between ICD-11 and DSM-5 adjustment disorder concepts.
  • Identifying specific risk/protective factors and exploring biological underpinnings are crucial.
  • Developing and evaluating disorder-specific interventions for adjustment disorder is essential due to its prevalence.