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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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Association between diabetes mellitus and olfactory dysfunction: current perspectives and future directions.

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  • 1Clinical Research Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar.

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Diabetes mellitus can impair the sense of smell, a complication often overlooked. This review explores the link between diabetes, olfactory dysfunction, and its potential causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a growing global health concern with established complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
  • The impact of dysglycaemia (abnormal blood glucose levels) on the olfactory system remains under-researched.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is frequently underdiagnosed despite olfaction's importance for safety, nutrition, and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss existing evidence on the relationship between diabetes and olfaction.
  • To explore associations between olfactory dysfunction and diabetes complications.
  • To summarize potential pathological mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating diabetes and olfactory function.
  • Analysis of the link between olfactory dysfunction and known diabetes complications.
  • Synthesis of proposed pathophysiological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a significant relationship between diabetes and impaired olfaction.
  • Olfactory dysfunction may be linked to other diabetes complications, offering insights into pathogenesis.
  • Several pathological mechanisms are proposed but require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus is associated with olfactory dysfunction, a complication needing greater clinical attention.
  • Understanding the link between diabetes and olfaction may involve examining other diabetes-related pathologies.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the precise mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in diabetic patients.