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Related Experiment Video

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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Validity of Two Self-care Instruments for the Elderly.

Olle Söderhamn1,2, Catharina Lindencrona1, Anna-Christina Ek2

  • 1a Vänersborg University College of Health Sciences , Vänersborg.

Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) and Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA-A) in Swedish older adults. Both scales effectively measured self-care abilities, with SASE showing higher sensitivity and specificity.

Keywords:
scale testingself-care abilityself-care agency

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Health Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Assessing self-care abilities in the elderly is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life.
  • Existing instruments require validation within diverse populations to ensure accurate measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the concurrent and construct validity of the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) and the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA-A).
  • To assess the reliability and performance of these scales in a sample of home-dwelling elderly Swedish individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A mailed survey was administered to an age-stratified random sample of 420 elderly subjects, with 125 completing the Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) and Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA-A).
  • Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses, including regression, correlation, and factor analysis, were employed.
  • Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted to determine the scales' accuracy in identifying individuals needing assistance.

Main Results:

  • Both SASE and ASA-A demonstrated substantial validity, confirming they measure intended constructs in the elderly population.
  • SASE showed higher sensitivity (68%) and specificity (72%) compared to ASA-A (50% and 64%) for managing without caregiver assistance.
  • Older age (80+), institutional living, and poorer health status were associated with lower scores on both scales, indicating reduced self-care abilities.

Conclusions:

  • The Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly (SASE) and Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA-A) are valid instruments for assessing self-care abilities in lucid elderly individuals.
  • SASE appears to be a more sensitive and specific measure for identifying the need for care support in this population.
  • The findings support the use of these scales in gerontological research and clinical practice to evaluate the self-care capacity of older adults.