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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Exon Recombination02:32

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Recombination: the good, the bad and the variable.

Jessica Stapley1, Philine G D Feulner2,3, Susan E Johnston4

  • 1Centre for Adaptation to a Changing Environment, IBZ, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland jessica.stapley@env.ethz.ch.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination, the process of DNA repair and allele mixing, is vital for evolution but its variation is poorly understood. This research explores why recombination rates differ within sexual species to uncover evolutionary drivers.

Keywords:
adaptationcrossing overevolutiongenetic linkagegenomicsmeiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recombination, involving DNA breakage and repair to create new allele combinations, is crucial for multicellular organisms and evolution.
  • While recombination's evolutionary benefits (adaptation) and drawbacks (breaking beneficial allele combinations) are known, its high variability across taxa, species, individuals, and genomes presents a significant biological challenge.
  • Existing research predominantly focuses on recombination's role in the evolution of sex, comparing sexual and asexual organisms, with less attention paid to its evolutionary dynamics within sexual species.

Discussion:

  • This Theme Issue investigates the mechanisms and evolutionary drivers behind recombination rate variation specifically within sexual species.
  • It aims to integrate molecular mechanisms of recombination with evolutionary processes that cause its variation within and between species.
  • Understanding this variation is key to addressing fundamental questions in evolutionary biology and genetics.

Key Insights:

  • Recombination rate variation within sexual species is a critical, understudied area of evolutionary biology.
  • Integrating molecular and evolutionary perspectives is essential for a comprehensive understanding of recombination rate variation.
  • Identifying knowledge gaps will guide future research into the evolutionary significance of recombination dynamics.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on the interplay between molecular mechanisms and evolutionary pressures shaping recombination rates.
  • A unified understanding of recombination variation can illuminate adaptation, speciation, and genome evolution.
  • This integrated approach promises to deepen our knowledge of how and why recombination rates evolve.