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Intermolecular Forces03:13

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Cohesion is the attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water molecules. Water molecules have an overall neutral charge but are polar molecule. An oxygen atom in one water molecule has a partial negative charge that can bind to a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge in a second water molecule, forming a hydrogen bond. Each water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's cohesive nature.
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Self-Assembly of Hybrid Lipid Membranes Doped with Hydrophobic Organic Molecules at the Water/Air Interface
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Ion pair particles at the air-water interface.

Manoj Kumar1, Joseph S Francisco2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methanesulfonic acid (HMSA) alone does not form stable particles at the air-water interface. However, HMSA with amines rapidly forms ion pair particles via proton transfer, crucial for atmospheric chemistry.

Keywords:
air–waterformationinterfacemechanismparticle

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Methanesulfonic acid (HMSA) is known to influence gas-phase particle formation.
  • The specific mechanisms of HMSA-induced ion pair particle formation at the air-water interface remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation of ion pair particles from HMSA and various amines (NH3, CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH) at the air-water interface.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing gas-to-particle conversion in aqueous environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Employing density functional theory calculations.

Main Results:

  • At the air-water interface, HMSA deprotonates rapidly, forming a transient methanesulfonate ion (MSA⁻)⋅⋅H₃O⁺ ion pair that quickly decomposes.
  • Stable particle formation occurs via gas-phase hydrogen-bonded complexes of HMSA with amines, involving rapid proton transfer to form MSA⁻⋅⋅(R₁)(R₂)NH₂⁺ complexes stabilized by interfacial water molecules.

Conclusions:

  • HMSA and water alone are insufficient for stable particle formation at the air-water interface.
  • The reaction of HMSA with amines provides a key mechanism for rapid gas-to-particle conversion in atmospheric aqueous environments.
  • These findings offer insights into ion pair particle formation from diverse precursors in various environments.