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Studies of cortical connectivity using optical circuit mapping methods.

Paul G Anastasiades1, Andre Marques-Smith2, Simon J B Butt3

  • 1New York University, New York, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review details optical techniques for mapping neural circuits in the cerebral cortex. It focuses on neurotransmitter uncaging and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping, highlighting common pitfalls for reliable data collection.

Keywords:
cerebral cortexglutamate uncagingneural circuitsoptogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding neuronal function requires knowledge of synaptic inputs, intrinsic physiology, and efferent targets.
  • Electrophysiological methods have provided significant insights into cortical neuronal subtypes and circuits.
  • Optical techniques are increasingly vital for linking local network interactions to behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a primer on recent innovations in optical circuit mapping strategies for the cerebral cortex.
  • To detail technical aspects of neurotransmitter uncaging and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping.
  • To identify common pitfalls that can compromise data reliability in circuit mapping studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent innovations in optical techniques for circuit mapping.
  • Focus on neurotransmitter uncaging methodologies.
  • Detailed explanation of channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (ChR-CACM).

Main Results:

  • The optogenetic revolution has spurred dramatic increases in optical method applications.
  • Specific technical considerations for neurotransmitter uncaging and ChR-CACM are presented.
  • Common pitfalls that can negatively influence data reliability are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Optical methods, particularly those enhanced by optogenetics, are crucial for detailed circuit analysis.
  • Mastery of techniques like neurotransmitter uncaging and ChR-CACM is essential for accurate circuit mapping.
  • Awareness of potential pitfalls is key to ensuring the reliability and validity of circuit mapping data in the cerebral cortex.