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Mumps: An Emergency Medicine-Focused Update.

Chelsea Bockelman1, Thomas C Frawley1, Brit Long1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Military Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

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|November 8, 2017
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Summary

Mumps outbreaks continue to occur despite vaccination. Early recognition of symptoms, proper testing, and isolation are crucial for controlling this easily spread paramyxovirus.

Keywords:
Paramyxoviridaeinfectious diseasemumpsvaccinevirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mumps is caused by a Paramyxoviridae virus, a single-stranded RNA virus.
  • The measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine significantly decreased mumps incidence, but outbreaks persist.
  • Humans are the sole known hosts, with transmission via respiratory droplets and saliva.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated evaluation of mumps.
  • To review current outbreak trends and management strategies.
  • To outline methods for reducing mumps transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mumps epidemiology and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of factors influencing mumps transmission.
  • Compilation of diagnostic and treatment recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Mumps outbreaks continue to occur, influenced by factors like age, immunity, and vaccination status.
  • Common symptoms include upper respiratory issues, fever, headache, and parotitis.
  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by PCR and immunoglobulin tests.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination offers lifelong immunity but is not 100% effective in preventing all outbreaks.
  • Early recognition, appropriate testing, and isolation are vital for managing mumps.
  • Recommendations are provided for specific populations, including pregnant individuals and healthcare personnel.