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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
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Systematic approaches for biodiagnostics using exhaled air.

Pravin Shende1, Jai Vaidya1, Yogesh A Kulkarni1

  • 1Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Human exhaled breath analysis, or "breathe-printing," offers a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis. This review covers various analytical techniques and biosensors for detecting breath biomarkers, highlighting the need for improved validation methods.

Keywords:
BiodiagnosisBiomarkerBiosensorBreath analysisExhaled breathVOCs

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The analysis of human exhaled breath, termed "breathe-printing," is emerging as a powerful tool for disease detection.
  • Breath analysis offers a non-invasive, rapid, and potentially cost-effective diagnostic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current breath analytical techniques and biosensors used in medical diagnosis.
  • To highlight the role of breath biomarkers in identifying diseases and disorders.
  • To discuss advancements and challenges in breath analysis technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of traditional breath biosensor techniques including Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS), Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS), Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), Optical Absorption, Sensor Arrays, and Electronic Noses.
  • Exploration of newer diagnostic approaches like Enzyme Immunoassay, Fluorescent Bead Immunoassays, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Antibody Microarrays.
  • Investigation of nanotechnology applications for enhancing biosensor sensitivity and portability.

Main Results:

  • Breath analysis provides significant insights into various diseases and disorders through identifiable biomarkers.
  • Established techniques like GC-MS and emerging methods show promise for non-invasive disease screening.
  • Nanotechnology integration offers potential for more sensitive and portable breath biosensing devices.

Conclusions:

  • Breath analysis represents a revolutionary, non-invasive frontier in medical diagnostics.
  • While numerous techniques exist, a lack of standardized and validated methods hinders widespread clinical adoption.
  • Future research must focus on developing sensitive, accurate, and standardized techniques for breath biosensor validation.