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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
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Calcium carbonate crystallisation at charged graphite surfaces.

E R Ravenhill1, M Adobes-Vidal, P R Unwin

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. P.R.Unwin@warwick.ac.uk.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 8, 2017
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Summary

Surface charge significantly impacts calcium carbonate crystallization. Negatively charged surfaces promote nucleation from high-energy faces, while positively charged surfaces favor stable calcite planes, offering new insights into biomineralization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Calcium carbonate crystallization is crucial in biomineralization processes.
  • The influence of surface charge on nucleation and growth remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of surface charge in calcium carbonate nucleation and growth.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing crystal face selection during crystallization on charged surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized potential-controlled Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) surfaces.
  • Analyzed calcium carbonate crystallization under varying surface charge conditions.

Main Results:

  • Negatively charged HOPG surfaces induced nucleation from high-energy crystal faces of calcite, aragonite, and vaterite.
  • Positively charged HOPG surfaces promoted nucleation of the stable (104) calcite planes.
  • Demonstrated a significant impact of surface charge on crystal polymorph and face selection.

Conclusions:

  • Surface charge is a critical factor controlling calcium carbonate crystallization pathways.
  • The findings provide a rational explanation for observed crystallization behaviors on charged surfaces.
  • This research offers valuable insights for controlling mineral formation in various applications.