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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

1.0K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
656
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.1K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

557
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
557
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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What We Know About Tuberculosis Transmission: An Overview.

Gavin Churchyard1,2,3,4, Peter Kim5, N Sarita Shah6

  • 1Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|November 8, 2017
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Interrupting tuberculosis transmission is key to ending the global epidemic. Targeting interventions to high-risk populations and settings, based on the tuberculosis transmission cascade, is crucial for reducing new cases and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) presents a significant global health challenge, with an estimated 10.4 million new cases in 2015.
  • Interrupting TB transmission is essential for controlling the epidemic.
  • Interventions must be strategically focused on high-risk groups and settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of tuberculosis transmission.
  • To utilize the tuberculosis transmission cascade as a framework for understanding transmission dynamics.
  • To establish context for subsequent articles detailing specific aspects of TB transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge on tuberculosis transmission.
  • Conceptual framework development using the tuberculosis transmission cascade.
  • Identification of key events in the transmission pathway.

Main Results:

  • The tuberculosis transmission cascade outlines six critical steps: source case, infectious particle generation, airborne survival, inhalation, infection, and disease development.
  • Targeting interventions at specific points in the cascade can interrupt transmission.
  • Understanding these steps is vital for developing effective control strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective interruption of tuberculosis transmission requires interventions tailored to the identified stages of the cascade.
  • Accelerating the decline in TB incidence and mortality depends on successful transmission interruption.
  • This overview sets the foundation for in-depth research into specific TB transmission mechanisms and interventions.