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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.4K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.4K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.2K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.3K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Developing ionic liquid forms of picloram with reduced negative effects on the aquatic environment.

Gang Tang1, Baitao Wang1, Guanglong Ding1

  • 1College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

New herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on picloram reduce aquatic contamination. These picloram HILs show lower leaching and enhanced efficacy against weeds, offering a safer alternative formulation.

Keywords:
Aquatic environmentEfficacyHerbicideIonic liquidPicloram

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Agrochemical Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Picloram, a common herbicide, poses environmental risks due to its persistence in aquatic ecosystems.
  • High leaching potential and low soil adsorption contribute to picloram's environmental detectability.
  • Developing safer herbicide formulations is crucial for mitigating ecological impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) derived from picloram.
  • To evaluate the physicochemical properties of these HILs, focusing on reducing environmental risks.
  • To compare the efficacy and environmental behavior of HILs against traditional picloram formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of five picloram-based HILs using various counter cations (amines and imidazole).
  • Assessment of key properties: water solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, surface tension, leaching potential, and soil adsorption.
  • Comparative analysis of herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds.

Main Results:

  • Physicochemical properties of picloram HILs were tunable via counter cation selection.
  • HILs with long alkyl chains exhibited reduced water solubility, lower leaching, and increased soil adsorption.
  • HIL3 demonstrated superior herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds compared to potassium picloram, suggesting potential for lower application rates.

Conclusions:

  • Picloram-based HILs offer a promising strategy to minimize the environmental impact of picloram in aquatic systems.
  • Tailoring HIL structures can significantly improve their environmental profile and herbicidal performance.
  • These novel HILs represent a potentially valuable and eco-friendlier alternative to current commercial picloram formulations.