Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

691
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
691
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

815
Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
815
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

73.2K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
73.2K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

10.0K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
10.0K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

18.8K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
18.8K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

7.8K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
7.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ROS inhibits microtubule dynamics and cell growth heterogeneity during Arabidopsis sepal morphogenesis.

iScience·2026
Same author

How to grow a flat leaf.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics uncover brassinosteroid-mediated coordination of sepal elongation in Arabidopsis.

Genome biology·2026
Same author

Growth under pressure: The pros and cons of polyploidy induced by stress.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

How cells grow differently from their neighbors: How noise becomes a symphony.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same author

Growth history leaves a geometric trace in puzzle cells.

EMBO reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

24.8K

Small RNAs Turn Over a New Leaf as Morphogens.

Dana O Robinson1, Adrienne H K Roeder1

  • 1Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Developmental Cell
|November 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression boundaries are formed by threshold-based reading of mobile small RNA gradients. This mechanism was confirmed in plant leaf development and through synthetic biology.

More Related Videos

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function
07:18

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

Published on: March 9, 2009

79.0K
Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

5.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

24.8K
Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function
07:18

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

Published on: March 9, 2009

79.0K
Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

5.9K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Synthetic biology

Background:

  • Gene expression patterns are crucial for organism development.
  • Small RNAs play regulatory roles in gene expression.
  • Understanding the mechanisms that establish sharp gene expression boundaries is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how sharp boundaries of gene expression are formed.
  • To explore the role of mobile small RNA gradients in establishing gene expression boundaries.
  • To validate a threshold-based readout model for gene expression patterning.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of small RNAs involved in plant top-bottom leaf patterning.
  • Development and application of a novel synthetic biology approach.
  • Quantitative analysis of gene expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that threshold-based readout of mobile small RNA gradients can create sharp gene expression boundaries.
  • Provided experimental evidence from plant leaf development supporting the hypothesis.
  • Validated the model using a synthetic gene circuit.

Conclusions:

  • Mobile small RNA gradients, interpreted by a threshold mechanism, are sufficient to generate sharp gene expression boundaries.
  • This mechanism is conserved and applicable to both natural developmental processes and synthetic systems.
  • The findings offer new insights into gene regulation and pattern formation.