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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

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Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

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Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
546
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists

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Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
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Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids01:31

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids

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In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
However, this neutralization reaction between...
736

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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Dementia.

Rebekah Lynn Ford, Keith A Swanson

    The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
    |November 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase dementia risk, especially in older adults. Current guidelines suggest limiting PPI use, but this is often ignored in long-term care settings.

    Area of Science:

    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Pharmacology
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for acid-related disorders.
    • Chronic PPI use is linked to adverse outcomes, with guidelines recommending short-term use.
    • The American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria advise against PPI use longer than eight weeks unless high-risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize current research on the association between chronic PPI use and dementia risk.
    • To explore potential mechanisms linking PPIs to dementia, supported by preclinical data.
    • To inform potential changes in recommendations for acid-lowering therapies in the elderly.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of published research and clinical trials.
    • Compilation and summarization of existing evidence.

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  • Analysis of cellular and animal models investigating PPIs and dementia.

    • Main Results:

    • Emerging literature suggests a correlation between long-term PPI use and an elevated risk of dementia.
    • Preclinical studies provide a biological basis for the hypothesized link between PPIs and neurodegenerative processes.
    • Guidelines for PPI use are frequently not followed in long-term care facilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The potential link between chronic PPI use and dementia warrants further investigation.
    • Prevention strategies for dementia are crucial due to the lack of disease-modifying treatments.
    • Re-evaluation of long-term acid-lowering therapy recommendations for older populations may be necessary.