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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Acute Kidney Injury

Andrew S Levey1, Matthew T James1

  • 1From Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, and the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|November 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 20% of hospitalized patients, causing serious complications. Management involves treating the cause and complications, with kidney replacement therapy reserved for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition in hospitalized patients.
  • It is characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function, indicated by increased serum creatinine or reduced urine output.
  • AKI affects approximately 20% of individuals admitted to hospitals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of acute kidney injury.
  • To outline the classification, complications, and management strategies for AKI.
  • To highlight the significant mortality associated with severe AKI requiring kidney replacement therapy.

Main Methods:

  • The abstract synthesizes current knowledge on AKI.
  • It describes the clinical presentation and diagnostic indicators of AKI.
  • It reviews established management principles and therapeutic interventions for AKI.

Main Results:

  • AKI presents heterogeneously with varying stages and causes.
  • Common complications include fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, uremia, and drug toxicity.
  • Kidney replacement therapy is indicated for refractory complications, but carries a high mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of AKI requires addressing both the underlying cause and its complications.
  • Despite medical advancements, severe AKI necessitating kidney replacement therapy has a persistent high mortality rate of around 50%.

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