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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
The subcutaneous forehead lift
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla.
Abstract:
A limited experience (27 patients, all female) is presented utilizing the subcutaneous approach to forehead lifting. This approach has been little utilized and has been condemned in the literature for being dangerous. However, no difficulties in wound healing or alopecia have been encountered, and the procedure has the advantages of more effectively removing the vertical and transverse wrinkles in the glabellar region, raising the brows, and preserving sensation to the scalp posterior to the incision.

