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Microhardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials

Katarina Kelić1, Sanja Matić1, Danijela Marović2

  • 1Private Dental Office, Croatia

Acta Clinica Croatica
|November 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

High-viscosity bulk-fill composites showed lower microhardness than conventional ones. Low-viscosity bulk-fill composites also exhibited reduced microhardness, necessitating a capping layer for optimal performance.

Keywords:
Composite resinsBulk-fillMicrohardness

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Bulk-fill composite resins offer clinical advantages but their mechanical properties require thorough evaluation.
  • Microhardness is a critical indicator of a composite's resistance to deformation and wear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the microhardness of high- and low-viscosity bulk-fill composite resins against conventional materials.
  • To assess the effect of depth on the microhardness of these dental composites.

Main Methods:

  • Vickers microhardness testing was performed on five samples of each material.
  • Measurements were taken at the surface, 2 mm, and 4 mm depths after 20-second polymerization.
  • Tested materials included high-viscosity bulk-fills (QF, XTF, TEBCF), a nanohybrid control (GSO), low-viscosity bulk-fills (SDR, VBF, XB), and a conventional control (XF).

Main Results:

  • Nanohybrid composite (GSO) exhibited significantly higher microhardness than all bulk-fill materials.
  • High-viscosity bulk-fill materials showed lower microhardness compared to the conventional control (GSO).
  • Low-viscosity bulk-fill materials generally had lower surface microhardness, with XF showing varied results against other low-viscosity materials. Microhardness was consistent across depths for all materials.

Conclusions:

  • High- and low-viscosity bulk-fill composites demonstrate reduced microhardness compared to conventional materials.
  • Low-viscosity bulk-fill composites require an additional capping layer due to their insufficient microhardness.
  • Material selection should consider microhardness for durable restorations.