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Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
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Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Correlates to Problem Behaviors in Pediatric Narcolepsy: A Pilot Study.

Althea Robinson Shelton1, Beth Malow1

  • 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|November 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Children with narcolepsy experience significant neurobehavioral issues, particularly younger patients who exhibit more externalizing and attention problems. These findings highlight the need for early assessment of mental and behavioral health in pediatric narcolepsy. Keywords: pediatric narcolepsy, neurobehavioral problems, attention problems, behavioral health.

Keywords:
behavior problemsearly-onset narcolepsyneuropsychiatricpediatric narcolepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Narcolepsy, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, significantly impacts functional performance and is associated with psychosocial dysfunction in both adults and children.
  • Several factors can influence psychosocial functioning in pediatric populations diagnosed with narcolepsy.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurobehavioral problems in children diagnosed with narcolepsy.
  • To identify associations between these problem behaviors and other relevant factors.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding the mental and behavioral health of pediatric narcolepsy patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Guardians of children (≤18 years) with diagnosed narcolepsy completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
  • Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to assess relationships between CBCL findings and narcolepsy factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was observed between participants' current age and multiple CBCL scales.
  • Younger children with narcolepsy showed higher reported total psychosocial problems and externalizing behaviors.
  • Specifically, younger participants exhibited increased scores for inattention, withdrawal, thought problems, aggression, and rule-breaking behaviors (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric narcolepsy is associated with high rates of attention and emotional/behavioral problems.
  • These neurobehavioral issues demonstrate a strong correlation with age, with younger children experiencing more pronounced difficulties.
  • Sleep physicians should proactively assess the mental and behavioral health of children with narcolepsy.