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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

1.5K
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
1.5K
Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

2.1K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
2.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

632
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
632
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Strain-shear coupling in bilayer MoS2.

Jae-Ung Lee1, Sungjong Woo2, Jaesung Park1

  • 1Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea.

Nature Communications
|November 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical strain in layered materials couples in-plane and interlayer forces, causing anomalous phonon splitting. This discovery reveals new elastic properties and enhances Raman spectroscopy

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Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties
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Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid Mechanics

Background:

  • Layered materials exhibit highly anisotropic mechanical properties due to differing in-plane and out-of-plane atomic interactions.
  • Previous research has focused on intralayer or interlayer interactions independently, neglecting their mutual correlations under mechanical stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coupling between in-plane uniaxial strain and interlayer shear in layered materials.
  • To explore the anomalous behavior of interlayer shear phonon modes under strain.
  • To demonstrate the capability of Raman spectroscopy in determining mechanical constants of layered materials.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of the coupling between in-plane strain and interlayer shear.
  • Experimental measurement of Raman shifts of shear modes in bilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) under uniaxial strain.
  • Analysis of phonon mode splitting to extract elastic constants.

Main Results:

  • Identified an inevitable coupling between in-plane uniaxial strain and interlayer shear in layered materials.
  • Observed anomalous splitting of degenerate interlayer shear phonon modes under tensile strain, with one mode hardening instead of softening.
  • Successfully determined an unexplored off-diagonal elastic constant from the observed Raman shifts.

Conclusions:

  • The coupling between in-plane strain and interlayer shear is a fundamental property of layered materials.
  • Raman spectroscopy, by analyzing phonon mode splitting, can be used to determine a comprehensive set of mechanical constants for layered materials.
  • This work opens new avenues for understanding and manipulating the mechanical behavior of layered materials.