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Quantifying the potential for bursting bubbles to damage suspended cells.

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Small bubbles bursting in cell cultures cause significant damage, impacting biotechnology. Our study quantifies this impact, revealing smaller bubbles are more damaging per volume than larger ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bubbles in cell suspensions, especially in bioreactors, can cause cell damage upon bursting.
  • High energy dissipation rates (EDR) are linked to cell death, with predictions suggesting small bubbles pose a significant risk to cells like Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the volume of fluid experiencing damaging energy dissipation rates (EDR) around bursting bubbles.
  • To compare the impact of different bubble sizes on cell viability in suspension.
  • To develop a predictive framework for bubble-induced cell damage applicable across various conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the energy dissipation rates (EDR) around bursting bubbles.
  • High-speed experiments were conducted to validate the simulation results.
  • A non-dimensionalized framework was developed for broader applicability.

Main Results:

  • The volume experiencing high EDR increases with bubble size.
  • Smaller bubbles impact a larger volume of cells on a per-volume basis, indicating a greater relative risk.
  • The validated model provides predictions for various liquids and bubble sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Bubble size is a critical factor in cell damage, with smaller bubbles presenting a disproportionately higher risk.
  • The findings are crucial for optimizing bioreactor design and operation in the biotechnology industry.
  • The results have implications beyond bioreactors, including fermentation and marine microbiology.