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Host-Multi-Pathogen Warfare: Pathogen Interactions in Co-infected Plants.

Araz S Abdullah1, Caroline S Moffat1, Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz1

  • 1Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|November 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Plant co-infections involve complex interactions like competition and cooperation between pathogens. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing effective plant disease control strategies.

Keywords:
multiple infectionsniche heterogeneitypathogen coexistencepathogen competitionpathogen cooperationplant defense to co-infection

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Microbial ecology
  • Host-pathogen interactions

Background:

  • Historically, plant-pathogen studies used simplified single host-single pathogen models.
  • Real-world plant infections frequently involve multiple pathogen species and genotypes, leading to complex dynamics.
  • These complexities are often missed in basic infection models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on plant co-infection systems.
  • To explore host-multi-pathogen interactions and their impact on plant resistance or susceptibility.
  • To identify future research directions for improved disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of co-infection systems across various pathogen types.
  • Analysis of pathogen interaction mechanisms: competition, cooperation, and coexistence.
  • Examination of host defense modulation and pathogen subversion strategies.

Main Results:

  • Pathogen interactions in co-infections include competition, cooperation, and coexistence via niche specialization.
  • Hosts actively or passively modulate niche competition through defense responses.
  • Virulent pathogens often overcome host defenses, and responses to one pathogen can be altered by another.
  • Rare instances of pathogens acquiring foreign genes for enhanced virulence and niche adaptation were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Co-infection systems present complex challenges and opportunities in plant pathology.
  • Understanding pathogen interactions and host responses is key to novel disease control.
  • Further research is needed to harness these insights for innovative agricultural strategies.