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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.

Ashraf Abugroun1, Fatima Ahmed1, Daniel Vilchez1

  • 1Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM), a rare heart condition, presents unique diagnostic challenges. This case report details a typical Yamaguchi syndrome presentation in an African-American woman.

Keywords:
African AmericanApical hypertrophic cardiomyopathyCoronary angiographyVentriculographyYamaguchi syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a rare variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • It is characterized by significant hypertrophy of the left ventricular apex, leading to a spade-like cavity.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 58-year-old African-American female with hypertension presented with exertional chest tightness, palpitations, and headache.
  • Previous workup, including stress tests and angiography, was inconclusive.
  • Electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed marked T-wave inversions in inferior leads.

Findings:

  • Left ventriculography demonstrated left ventricle apical hypertrophy with a spade-like cavity.
  • These findings are typical of Yamaguchi syndrome.
  • This presentation is notable for its occurrence in an African-American patient.

Implications:

  • Highlights the rare incidence and diagnostic challenges of ApHCM, particularly Yamaguchi syndrome, in African-American populations.
  • Emphasizes the importance of considering specific cardiac imaging and EKG findings for accurate diagnosis.
  • Underscores the need for comprehensive patient evaluation when initial diagnostic tests are non-conclusive.