Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.9K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.9K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

41.6K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
41.6K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.1K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
4.1K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

7.0K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
7.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.5K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photocrosslinking O-GlcNAcylated Proteins to Neighboring Biomolecules.

Current protocols·2021
Same author

First detection of CTX-M-14-producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 epidemic clone from a retail vegetable, China.

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance·2021
Same author

Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Data-Driven Clusters Among Type 2 Diabetes.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2021
Same author

An Activatable Host-Guest Conjugate as a Nanocarrier for Effective Drug Release through Self-Inclusion.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021
Same author

Tailoring the efficiency and spectrum of a green random laser generated by frequency doubling of random fiber lasers.

Optics express·2021
Same author

Tunable narrowband cascaded random Raman fiber laser.

Optics express·2021
Same journal

Proton Transfer Shuttle Mediated Dormant-Active Balance for Accelerated and Controlled Polymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Chloride-Regulated Depolymerization of Aluminosilicate Networks for Fast Ion Transport Compliant Interfaces in Sustainable All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Asymmetric Zn─N<sub>2</sub>O-Coordinated Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Wastewater Purification.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Photocatalytic Cascade Nitrogen Fixation for Selective Purification of Methane-Rich Coal-Bed Gas Over a Bimetallic MOF.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Scalable Art-Inspired Tessellated Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Enable Highly Selective Ion Separation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same journal

Layered Copper-Anthraquinone Coordination Polymer Cathode Leveraging Dual-Redox Sites and Facilitated Ion Diffusion for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.3K

Supramolecular Polymerization Controlled through Kinetic Trapping.

Hao Chen1, Zehuan Huang1, Han Wu1

  • 1Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed controllable supramolecular polymerization using kinetic trapping. By adjusting pH, they precisely controlled polymer formation, yielding materials with varied molecular weights.

Keywords:
cucurbiturilself-assemblysupramolecular chemistrysupramolecular polymerization

More Related Videos

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
08:34

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.2K
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.3K
OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
08:34

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.2K
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Supramolecular polymerization offers a route to novel materials but often lacks precise control over polymer length.
  • Kinetic control is a promising strategy to manage polymerization processes.
  • Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and adamantane are key components in host-guest chemistry relevant to supramolecular assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for controllable supramolecular polymerization using kinetic trapping.
  • To synthesize bifunctional monomers suitable for pH-responsive kinetic control.
  • To achieve supramolecular polymers with tunable molecular weights.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two bifunctional monomers: one with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) end groups and another with adamantane end groups.
  • Presaturation of the CB[7]-containing monomer with a pH-responsive competitive guest.
  • Modulation of pH to control the kinetics of supramolecular polymerization.
  • Utilizing kinetic trapping to halt polymerization at desired stages.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of bifunctional monomers for supramolecular polymerization.
  • Demonstration of pH-mediated control over polymerization kinetics.
  • Achieved kinetic trapping of supramolecular polymerization at specific points.
  • Obtained supramolecular polymers with distinct and controllable molecular weights.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for controllable supramolecular polymerization via kinetic trapping has been established.
  • pH-responsive guest molecules enable precise kinetic control over supramolecular assembly.
  • This approach provides a versatile platform for synthesizing supramolecular polymers with tailored properties.