Sociology as Moral Philosophy (and Vice Versa)

Area of Science:

• Sociology
• Moral Philosophy
• Ethics

Background:

• Sociology's historical connection to moral philosophy is often overlooked.
• Max Weber's theory of axiological neutrality presents a challenge to integrating moral considerations into sociology.
• Reconciling descriptive and prescriptive approaches is crucial for sociological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To re-establish the link between sociology and moral philosophy.
• To defend the thesis that sociology inherently continues the tradition of practical and moral philosophy.
• To propose a framework for a "moral sociology" that moves beyond axiological neutrality.

Main Methods:

• Philosophical argumentation and conceptual analysis.
• Critique of Max Weber's position on value neutrality.
• Articulation of distinct but interconnected sociological positions (prescriptive/descriptive, internal/external, observer/actor).

Main Results:

• Sociology, like its philosophical predecessors, relies on "practical wisdom" and "practical reason".
• Max Weber's theory of axiological neutrality is identified as an extreme stance that hinders moral sociology.
• A clear distinction and articulation of prescriptive and descriptive, internal and external, and observer and actor viewpoints are necessary.

Conclusions:

• Sociology can and should be reconnected with moral philosophy.
• A "moral sociology" is achievable by rejecting extreme value neutrality and embracing nuanced perspectives.
• The integration of practical wisdom and reason is fundamental to the sociological enterprise.