Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

591
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
591
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

1.8K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.8K
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

938
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
938
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

680
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
680
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

1.0K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
1.0K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

967
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
967

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Women and psychosis: a guide to evidence-based, hormone-informed care.

The lancet. Psychiatry·2026
Same author

Will Precision Medicine Still Require Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes?

Neurology·2026
Same author

Another Dementia Biomarker?

Neurology·2026
Same author

Severe mental illness and the perimenopause.

BJPsych bulletin·2023
Same author

Let's embed peer-support groups into the medical curriculum for all.

Future healthcare journal·2021
Same author

Negative bias in interpretation and facial expression recognition in late life depression: A case control study.

International journal of geriatric psychiatry·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

8.1K

Diagnosing and managing mild cognitive impairment.

Sophie Behrman, Vyara Valkanova, Charlotte L Allan

    The Practitioner
    |November 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects 10-20% of older adults and is a significant risk factor for dementia. Early assessment by memory services is crucial, as over 50% of MCI cases progress to dementia.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Geriatrics
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Dementia diagnoses in England have sharply increased, with an estimated 10-20% prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in adults aged 65+.
    • MCI is a potential prodrome for dementia, sharing common pathologies and risk factors.
    • Depression and MCI are frequently comorbid in the elderly, both independently increasing dementia risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the rising prevalence of dementia and MCI in older adults.
    • To emphasize the importance of early identification and assessment of MCI.
    • To underscore the link between MCI and subsequent dementia development.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of dementia and MCI prevalence trends.
    • Analysis of the relationship between depression, MCI, and dementia risk.

    More Related Videos

    The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
    06:23

    The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

    Published on: October 13, 2016

    33.9K
    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
    06:58

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

    Published on: January 24, 2020

    7.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

    A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
    12:18

    A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

    Published on: January 11, 2020

    8.1K
    The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
    06:23

    The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

    Published on: October 13, 2016

    33.9K
    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
    06:58

    Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

    Published on: January 24, 2020

    7.9K
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and the role of neuropsychological testing.
  • Recommendation for referral to specialist memory assessment services.

    • Main Results:

    • MCI prevalence is estimated at 10-20% in adults over 65 and is expected to rise.
    • Individuals with MCI have a significantly higher annual conversion rate to dementia (approx. 10%) compared to the general elderly population (1-2%).
    • Over 50% of individuals with MCI eventually develop dementia.

    Conclusions:

    • Early identification of MCI through specialist assessment is vital for timely dementia intervention.
    • Accurate history taking from patients and informants is crucial for diagnosing cognitive changes.
    • While no specific tests exist for MCI, neuropsychological performance (1-1.5 SD below mean) can indicate impairment.