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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
Published on: December 29, 2021
The rewiring of transcription circuits in evolution
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
Abstract:
The binding of transcription regulators to cis-regulatory sequences is a key step through which all cells regulate expression of their genes. Due to gains and losses of cis-regulatory sequences and changes in the transcription regulators themselves, the binding connections between regulators and their target genes rapidly change over evolutionary time and constitute a major source of biological novelty. This review covers recent work, carried out in a wide range of species, that addresses the overall extent of these evolutionary changes, their consequences, and some of the molecular mechanisms that lie behind them.
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