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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Related Experiment Video

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Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material
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Breast Cancer: Multiple Subtypes within a Tumor?

Syn Kok Yeo1, Jun-Lin Guan1

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

Trends in Cancer
|November 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer is a complex disease. New research suggests multiple subtypes may coexist within a single tumor, requiring advanced diagnostic tools and tailored combination therapies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
breast cancercancer stem cellsintratumoral heterogeneityplasticity

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Building Up a High-throughput Screening Platform to Assess the Heterogeneity of HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancers
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Breast cancer is recognized as a heterogeneous disease, necessitating accurate tumor stratification for improved clinical outcomes.
  • Current treatment paradigms often overlook intratumoral heterogeneity, where multiple cancer subtypes might coexist within a single tumor.
  • Emerging evidence points to cancer stem cells and tumor plasticity as key drivers of this heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of coexisting breast cancer subtypes within a single tumor.
  • To investigate the role of plasticity in driving dynamic subtype conversions.
  • To highlight the clinical implications for therapeutic strategies and diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on breast cancer heterogeneity, cancer stem cells, and tumor plasticity.
  • Conceptual framework development for subtype coexistence and plasticity.
  • Analysis of clinical implications for treatment and diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The study proposes that multiple breast cancer subtypes can coexist within a tumor, challenging the traditional view of treating tumors as a single entity.
  • Tumor plasticity is identified as a critical mechanism enabling dynamic conversions between these subtypes.
  • The existence of diverse subtypes and their plasticity necessitates a shift towards combinatorial therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis and stratification of breast cancer subtypes at the cellular level are essential.
  • Single-cell technologies are crucial for identifying and characterizing distinct disease subtypes.
  • Future therapeutic approaches must be combinatorial, addressing both discrete subtypes and their inherent plasticity to improve patient outcomes.