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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
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Persistent bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus aureus in the gall bladder.

Alexander Tin Han Yu1, Tony Cun2, Esther Benamu1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) can persist due to occult infections. Gallbladder drainage resolved persistent SAB in a dialysis patient, highlighting the importance of identifying hidden infection sources.

Keywords:
drugs: infectious diseaseshepatitis and other gi infectionsinfection (gastroenterology)infectious diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) presents significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Occult infection foci can lead to persistent SAB and treatment failure.
  • Early identification of infection sites is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • A unique case of a 65-year-old male on haemodialysis with end-stage renal disease developed septic shock from SAB.
  • Despite 18 days of appropriate antibiotics, the patient exhibited persistent high-grade bacteraemia.
  • Percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder led to the resolution of bacteraemia.

Findings:

  • The gallbladder was identified as an occult nidus of Staphylococcus aureus infection.
  • Gallbladder drainage was critical in eradicating persistent SAB.
  • Prompt intervention targeting the occult source was essential for clinical improvement.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for occult S. aureus infection sites, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
  • Gallbladder pathology should be considered in cases of persistent or relapsing SAB.
  • This case underscores the importance of source control in managing complex bacteraemia.