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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

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Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
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Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations,...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Autoimmunity as a Driving Force of Cognitive Evolution.

Serge Nataf1

  • 1CarMeN Laboratory, Bank of Tissues and Cells, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1060, INRA 1397, INSA Lyon, Lyon University Hospital (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|November 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmunity is a physiological process that drives cognitive evolution through brain superautoantigens. This theory suggests co-evolution of immune and nervous systems, impacting human susceptibility to neuroimmune disorders.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseParkinson's diseaseT-cell repertoireautismautoimmunitycognitive evolutionparaneoplastic syndromesschizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a physiological process integral to various functions, including cognition.
  • The "brain superautoantigens" theory posits autoimmunity as a key driver of cognitive evolution.
  • This theory suggests co-evolution between the immune and nervous systems, with mutual selection pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the "brain superautoantigens" theory linking autoimmunity and cognitive evolution.
  • To investigate the co-evolutionary pressures between neural and immune systems.
  • To highlight the role of specific genes (MHC class II, Foxp) in this process and associated neuroimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical framework development based on existing experimental data.
  • Analysis of proposed molecular connections between neural and T-cell repertoires.
  • Emphasis on the evolutionary roles of MHC class II and Foxp gene families.

Main Results:

  • The theory proposes that brain superautoantigens drive cognitive evolution by shaping both T-cell repertoires and neural gene expression.
  • This co-evolution may explain Homo sapiens' susceptibility to neuroimmune co-pathologies.
  • MHC class II and Foxp genes are identified as key players in this evolutionary dynamic.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive evolution may be primarily driven by internal cues and the brain superautoantigens mechanism.
  • Brain superautoantigens represent a critical link between physiological autoimmunity and cognitive function.
  • This framework offers insights into neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, autism, and schizophrenia.